An autoclave uses steam and what else to sterilize?

An autoclave functions by utilizing both steam and pressure to achieve sterilization. The steam provides moisture, which is essential for effectively killing microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. The added pressure is crucial because it allows the steam to reach a temperature higher than boiling water, typically around 121-134 degrees Celsius. This high-temperature environment, combined with the moisture from the steam, ensures that all forms of life within the sterilization chamber are eradicated.

Without pressure, the steam would not reach these elevated temperatures, which are critical for effective sterilization, leading to potential failure in the sterilization process. The use of temperature and heat is inherently linked to pressure, as they work together in the system, but pressure is the primary factor that enables the steam to achieve those elevated temperatures necessary for thorough sterilization. Understanding this process highlights the importance of pressure in the operation of an autoclave.