What is the state called when the number of protons equals the number of electrons?

The state in which the number of protons equals the number of electrons is referred to as neutrality. In this state, the positive charge of protons in the nucleus of an atom is balanced by the negative charge of electrons surrounding the nucleus, resulting in a net charge of zero. This balance is essential for an atom to be considered neutral, as any imbalance would create an ion—either positively charged (cation) or negatively charged (anion), depending on whether there are more protons or electrons, respectively. Understanding this concept is fundamental in fields such as chemistry and physics, as it underpins the behavior of atoms and the formation of chemical bonds.