Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland"?

The pituitary gland is referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating a wide array of bodily functions through hormone secretion. This small pea-sized gland, located at the base of the brain, is responsible for controlling other endocrine glands, including the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads. It produces hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes. By releasing these hormones into the bloodstream, the pituitary gland directs the activity of other glands, thereby affecting many physiological processes in the body.

This central role emphasizes the pituitary gland's importance in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating various endocrine functions, making it essential to the overall health and hormonal balance of an individual.